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Copyright ]»]°_ 



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COPYRIGHT DEPOSnV 



ENUNCIATION AND 
AETICULATION 



A PRACTICAL MANUAL FOR TEACHEES 
AND SCHOOLS 



BY 

ELLA M. BOYCE 

r 

FORMERLY SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS 
BRADFORD, PENNSYLVANIA 



REVISED EDITION 



GINN AND COMPANY 

BOSTON . NEW YORK • CHICAGO • LONDON 



''S 



1^ 



COPYRIGHT, 1889, BY 
ELLA M. BOYCE 



COPYRIGHT, 1915, BY 
GINN AND COMPANY 



ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 
515.2 



APR 30 i9!5 



GINN AND COMPANY • PRO- 
PRIETORS • BOSTON • U.S.A. 



©CIA398626 



PREFACE 

The important subjects of enunciation and articulation 
have as yet received but httle attention in our public 
schools. Why they are omitted, when they are the es- 
sential features of good reading, is difficult to explain. 
If a pupil who has had a full course of instruction in. 
the public schools desires to come before the public 
as a speaker, he must first be trained in the elements 
of good speaking, and for this trainiug he has to seek 
private instruction. 

That more attention will be given in the future to 
the subjects treated in this textbook will be conceded 
by all educators. Clear enunciation cannot be learned 
in a day. It requires years of practice, and only by con- 
stant effort on the part of the pupil and constant watch- 
fulness on the part of the teacher can it be attained. 

The exercises in this book were first given to the pub- 
lic only after beiug tested for two years in the Bradford 
schools. Educators who have visited our schools have 
invariably noticed the results and inquired into our 
methods of teachiug. 

In this revised edition a number of errors have been 

corrected, and some changes have been made to add to 

the usefulness of the book. 

E. M. B. 



Ill 



HINTS TO TEACHERS 

Practice in enunciation and articulation should begin 
with the primary grades, and although the meaning of 
many words given in the exercises is beyond the com- 
prehension of the children in these grades, the words 
should not be omitted. The effort must be made in the 
primary grades to speak the words correctly after the 
teacher, and no word should be omitted because it is 
long or difficult to pronounce. 

The drill should be given in each grade of the gram- 
mar school and the high school, and even then, after 
careful trainmg, we may expect to find much to correct, 
so long as pupils hear careless pronunciation outside of 
school. Each letter should be given two weeks' atten- 
tion before another is taken up. Ten minutes a day 
should be given to the practice. 

It is held by many educators that time should not be 
spent in teaching the position of the vocal organs for 
the enunciation of a letter, but we find that better work 
is accomplished in this branch by the pupils who can 
explain these positions. 

In connection with the daily drill of any letter the 
words on pages 47, 52, and 53 should receive a few 
moments' attention. It is found difficult to have these 
words clearly enunciated, from the fact that the pupils 
have so long been mispronouncing them and hearing 



HINTS TO TEACHEES v 

them mispronounced. The drill on ng on page 22 should 
also have frequent attention. 

Whispering exercises, like those on pages 54 and 55, 
are among the best aids to clear enunciation; but this 
kind of drill should not be prolonged. It is fatiguing 
to the pupil, and should never be extended beyond 
three minutes. 

In teaching the sounds of the vowels, especially on 
pages 68-90, attention should be called to the diacritical 
marks and to the Key on pages 66 and 67, that pupils 
may learn to recognize these marks elsewhere. 

A few short stories and poems have been inserted 
with the hope that the teacher will select others. Not 
until the final consonants are enunciated clearly should 
any attention be given to expression. 



ENUNCIATION AND ARTICULATION 



The sound of ^f as in ^beef ^ 

Put the lower lip against the edge of the upper teeth and 
force the breath out between lips and teeth. 



turf 


wife 


adrift 


proof 


calf 


muff 


self 


grief 


wolf 


roof 


scoff 


relief 


aloof 


refuge 


strife 


deaf 


defeat 


staff 


loaf 


chaff 


off 


thief 


reef 


leaf 


waif 


skiff 


stuff 


foot 


wharf 


farm 


life 


fife 


chief 


knife 


cuff 



behef sheaf forth half scarf 

The thief ran off with the fowl. 
His wife wdll scoff at his belief. 
The muff and the fife lay on the turf. 
The waif went to her relief. 
The chief held aloft the staff. 
Half his life was spent in grief. 
Finding himself adrift, he took refuge on 
the reef. 

Offer him the sheaf and the loaf. 
The wolf was victorious in the strife. 



e:n^unciation and articulation^ 



The sound of *v* as in 4ive' 



Position as for ^ f ', with voice instead of breath. 



dive 


save 


behoove 


resolve 


love 


behave 


stove 


absolve 


rove 


rave 


survive 


revolve 


reserve 


every 


derive 


heavy 


leave 


prove 


strive 


five 


heave 


dove 


connive 


bereave 


believe 


lava 


sieve 


arrive 


twelve 


remove 


receive 


achieve 



Kesolve to approve the event. 

Strive for a decisive victory. 

He cannot survive the excessive exposure 
to cold. 

Do you believe that he will revive ? 

Have ever a desire to live well. 

Reserve five out of every twelve. 

Remove the sieve from the stove. 

It wdll behoove them to receive the favor 
gratefully. 

I believe the boys resolved to free the 
doves. 

Contrive to reprove in a way that will 
prove effective. 



ENUNCIATION AND ARTICULATION 3 

The sound of ^p' as in ^pipe' 

Place the lower lip against the upper lip, and explode the breath. 



rope 


trip 


hope 


turnip 


harp 


vamp 


soap 


peep 


mishap 


group 


strap 


tiptop 


sup 


skip 


loop 


ship 


chirp 


type 


pop 


trap 


flap 


wrap 


equip 


gap 


slip 


lamp 


people 


entrap 


creep 


shop 


pope 


lump 


whip 


leap 


clap 


chap 


sleep 


parsnip 


sloop 


keep 



It was proof to the people that the pope 
was in the ship. 

We hope to sup and sleep after our long 
tramp. 

The frost will nip the tops of the turnips 
and parsnips. 

The captain of the ship is asleep. 

Make a long loop in the rope or the strap. 

The chap held the pen between his lips. 

Let us keep the harp forever. 

Do not weep at a mishap. 

A group stood on the steep hill, ready to 
entrap the fox. 

The skipper threw the rope to the sloop. 



ENUNCIATION AND AETICULATION 



The sound of ^b* as in *rub' 

Position as for * p,' with voice instead of breath. 



babe 


bribe 


rib 


absorb 


cube 


babble 


• blab 


cherub 


dub 


barb 


rubbers 


daub 


fib 


belief 


curb 


member 


imbibe 


fiber 


globe 


fob 


noble 


rhubarb 


superb 


garb 


herb 


disturb 


shabby 


wardrobe 



The babbling babe was placed in the tub. 

The noble boy will take no bribe. 

Salt imbibes moisture from the air. 

Rub the brass until it is bright. 

We will not leave the saber in the cabin. 

The brown bowl is broken. 

The behavior of the boy was beautiful 
and commendable. 

The shabby old rubbers are under the 
wardrobe. 

Any member will feel at liberty to leave 
the club. 

A big black bug bit a big black bear. 

The birds were building their nests by 
the babbling brook. 



ENUNCIATION AND AETICULATION 



The sound of ^m' as in ^hum' 

Position as for ^ p ' or ^ b/ with voice forced through the nose. 



rim 


fame 


roam 


commend 


pilgrim 


vim 


perform 


cream 


move 


farm 


room 


tame 


mum 


thump 


reform 


numbers 


home 


torment 


loam 


blame 


dream 


grammar 


comb 


diagram 


name 


succumb 


rhyme 


conform 


time 


bomb 


form 


diadem 


come 


plum 


thyme 


inform 



The pilgrim will dream of home. 

Name and fame do not mean the same. 

He will come to the farm in time. 

The loom will move with vim. 

His thumb was on the rim of the cup. 

The bomb burst in the room. 

The memory of his home will torment 
him while he roams. 

Some blame, others commend him. 

You may diagram a number of sentences 
from the grammar. 

Many of the plums came in from our 
farm. 



ENUNCIATIO:^^ AND AETICULATION 



The sound of ^n^ as in ^man' 

Place the tip of the tongue at the base of the upper teeth. 



knife 


raven 


surgeon 


raccoon 


fin 


morn 


between 


clean 


nine 


mourn 


sardine 


green 


join 


nonn 


raisin 


children 


combine 


adorn 


learn 


routine 


main 


thorn 


stone 


fashion 


fine 


drown 


throne 


grown 


pain 


alone 


brown 


scorn 


crown 


coin 


borne 


govern 



The sun \vill crown the morn. 

Combine a noun wdth a verb. 

He bore the pain without a groan. 

The burden of much care made him 
mourn. 

We W'ill remove the fin with a fine knife. 

Nine or ten men will come then. 

He is a person who would adorn a throne. 

Fashion should not govern our actions. 

A coin was given to each of the children. 

The man came alone, and he was un- 
known. 

The children soon ate the sardines. 



ENUNCIATION AND ARTICULATION 

The sound of *t' as in 'bit' 

Position as for ' n,' with explosion of the breath. 



tart 


shout 


write 


upset 


skirt 


gilt 


gait 


excite 


heart 


meat 


basket 


almost 


fret 


strait 


raft 


reject 


boat 


habit 


account 


scarlet 


fort 


fruit 


suggest 


invent 


shut 


current 


persist 


exult 


tent 


accident 


hesitate 


elevati 


light 


movement 


meditate 


patent 



Repeat chant after chant. 

Fret not your heart. 

Don't you upset my boat. 

Too much light will affect his sight. 

Go straight to our fort and greet him by 
giving a shout. 

Do not hesitate to do right. 

Put my hatchet and your basket on our 
raft. 

One student wrote a short account of 
each event. 

His patent came as a result of patient 
and persistent labor. 



ENUNCIATION AND AETICULATION 



The sound of ^d' as in ^bad' 



Position as for ' t/ with voice instead of breath. 



road 


load 


added 


errand 


wood 


bride 


forehead 


dreaded 


deck 


cord 


grand 


bedding 


dead 


ballad 


vivid 


divided 


guide 


aboard 


morbid 


pictured 


cloud 


word 


lucid 


discard 


lad 


salad 


answered 


multitude 


trod 


admit 


exceed 


instead 


fade 


reward 


splendid 


slender 


feed 


obeyed 


demand 


laundry 



The road led through the dark wood. 

He will receive a reward if he sings every 
word of the ballad. 

The lad trod the deck and gazed at the 
cloud. 

A cord of wood is a heavy load. 

The dead trees were burned on the hard 
ground. 

He laid his hand on the forehead of young 
Eichard. 

The bedding was soon divided among the 
multitude. 



ENUNCIATION AND AETICULATION 



The sound of ^k^ as in 4uck' 

Separate the teeth, and explode the breath. 



tick 


smoke 


picnic 


bleak 


come 


dark 


kink 


Patrick 


black 


provoke 


class 


creek 


make 


spike 


hillock 


quick 


track 


spark 


attack 


hemlock 


evoke 


retake 


talk 


jerk 


mistake 


joke 


cook 


clerk 


kind 


kick 


critic 


speak 



The rock broke when struck with the 
spike. 

Do not make the mistake of slighting 
your work. 

Black smoke came from the hemlock grove. 

Pave the track with dark-red brick. 

Come and make the clock tick. 

The beefsteak and coffee will be taken to 
the picnic. 

Patrick will cut down some of the hem- 
locks. 

The lark flies high in the azure sky. 

The critic will speak to a large class at 
one o'clock. 



10 ENUNCIATION AND AETICULATION 

The sound of *g' as in *nag' 

Position as for < k/ with voice instead of breath. 



nag 


gray 


egg 


rag 


brig 


dog 


wig 


great 


give 


iceberg 


clog 


bag 


drag 


vague 


dregs 


leg 


beg 


agog 


gig 


mug 


vogue 


frog 


frigate 


wag 


bug 


drug 


catalogue 


ground 


begin 


befog 


pedagogue 


colleague 



The brig struck an iceberg one league 
from land. 

The pedagogue in his wig will drag the 
wag from the gig. 

I beg you to give me the flag. 

The catalogue will be found in the bag. 

We got a vague glimpse of the hill through 
the gray fog. 

The egg will be placed in the mug. 

The rogue will gag his victim when the 
others have gone. 

The frigate was lost in the fog. 

The dog could not reach the frog under 
the log. 



ENUNCIATION AND ARTICULATION 



11 



The sound of 4' as in 4owr 

Place the tip of the tongue against the upper gum, with voice. 



hotel 


bell 


initial 


malice 


sixdle 


still 


trivial 


article 


furl 


. roll 


critical 


mantel 


trail 


dwell 


coral 


chisel 


jail 


marshal 


people 


removal 


light 


allows 


piecemeal 


conceal 


boil 


appall 


animal 


shovel 


until 


gilt 


kennel 


waddle 


wool 


chenille 


criminal 


control 



The bell will peal and the thunder roll. 

He will dwell at the hotel until fall. 

The trail led to the jail. 

A smile is always better than a scowl. 

The jewel shone by the light in the hall. 

The criminal tried to conceal a chisel and 
a shovel. 

The martial array will appall the people. 

We directed the removal of the animal. 

They will assail the man in an article full 
of malice. 

The bright light came from a lamp on the 
low mantel. 



12 ENUNCIATION AND ARTICULATION 

The sound of ^s^ as in ^sad' 

Send the breath through the closed teeth with a hissing sound. 



seem 


loss 


niece 


firmness 


peace 


faults 


fierce 


excess 


sense 


boldness 


advice 


. brass 


this 


cease 


stress 


space 


glass 


pierce 


bless 


horse 


guess 


gladness 


tense 


oppress 


yes 


else 


miss 


grievous 


pass 


message 


lattice 


slice 


dress 


preface 


malice 


sentence 


speed 


remiss 


kindness 


reverse 



Place some stress on the word 'guess/ 

Will you pass the glass to me? Yes. 

They feel the loss of your firmness and 
kindness. 

This would be a false test of speed. 

The last fruits are the sweetest. 

Cease to give advice about the message. 

Outside the office stood a horse. 

The swift messenger had made a grievous 
mistake. 

Cease from malice ; do only kindness. 

Her niece noticed her gladness. 



ENUNCIATION AND ARTICULATION 13 

The sound of ^s' as in ^nose' 

Position as for * s ' in ' sad/ with voice instead of breath. 



prize 



blaze because baths 



does gaze president paths 

please those confuse tears 

result breeze excuse cheese 

was easy preside amaze 

phrase trapeze wisdom honors 

reason visit husband dozen 

lose freeze herdsman loaves 

Does the prize please you? 

Please take the adz and amaze those who 
gaze. 

The breeze will make the fire blaze. 

The boys chose a dozen loaves. 

The president presided wisely. 

The result of the trials for honors was 
known at the close. 

He holds to the trapeze by his teeth. 

Close the windows, or the flowers will 
freeze. 

The herdsman was always praised for 
his wisdom. 

There was reason for his visit. 



14 



ENUNCIATION AND AETICULATION 



The sound of ^r' as in ^ rough' 

Place the tip of the tongue toward the roof of the mouth, 
back of the upper gum. Force the breath through the aperture 
thus made. The tongue vibrating produces rough ^ r'. 



rope 


compare 


perish 


emery 


roll 


before 


future 


emerge 


far 


stir 


creature 


orator 


here 


turn 


verdure 


narrator 


blur 


write 


moisture 


error 


hour 


raise 


rapture 


creditor 


bore 


raspberry 


venture 


mirror 


star 


ravine 


emerald 


corrupt 



The grass is green. 

Roll the coil of rope. 

This \York will not compare with that 
done before. 

In an hour we shall see the star. 

Bew^are ! beware ! tlie rapids are below^ 
yon. 

The orator stood in the arbor at the 
corner. 

He will recite and write in the future. 

The error of the clerk caused horror among 
the creditors. 

The creature ventured into the ravine. 



ENUNCIATION AND ARTICULATION 15 

The sound of *j' or 'g' soft as in 'judge' 

Position as for ' d,' voicing the combination ' dzh.' 



margin 


fragile 


refuge 


nudge 


barge 


junior 


frigid 


surge 


join 


journal 


region 


dungeon 


merge 


giant 


budge 


gently 


large 


major 


regent 


engine 


discharge 


jam 


gypsy 


jolly 


oblige 


germ 


gymnast 


journey 


gem 


January 


coinage 


misjudge 


jump 


jaundice 


dodge 


un joint 


George 


June 


aged 


rejoice 



John will jump from the barge to the 
shore. 

He will discharge George. 

They will join him on the journey. 

The gem is fragile, but it is large. 

The journal has a wide margin. 

The aged gypsy was sent to tlie dungeon. 

The joyful junior wore jewels of jade. 

The major rejoiced that the giant was 
paid in January. 

The jolly man was formerly a gymnast. 

We were in that frigid region in June. 



16 ENUNCIATION AND AETICULATION 

The sound of *h' as in *harp' or *help' 

Separate the teeth widely or narrowly, and force the breath forward. 



harp 


hard 


harness 


rehearse 


held 


hew 


half 


inherent 


hill 


hide 


hazel 


nnhinge 


home 


ha! ha! 


heal 


unheard 


her 


had 


hand 


behave 


hood 


heat 


harm 


apprehend 


hurt 


herring 


hammock 


hinder 


horn 


hair 


haggard 


wholly 



hum heavy hideous heaven 

Her home is halfway up a hill. 

Harry heard hoofs of horses striking hard 
on a road. 

He kept his hat on his head while he was 
in his hut. 

Hunters' horns were heard from hill to 
hill. 

He has hurt his hand on a hedge. I 

He has an inherent love of ease. 

A halter and harness were hanging on a 
large hinge of a door. 

Her heavy hair hung halfway to her waist. 

Henry did not apprehend his danger. 



ENUNCIATIOlSr AND ARTICULATION 



17 



The sound of *bs' as in 'clubs' 



fibs 


ribs 


verbs 


fobs 


clubs 


lobes 


cabs 


describes 


snobs 


cubes 


globes 


shrubs 


rubs 


robes 


orbs 


garbs 


cobs 


glebes 


knobs 


inscribes 


tubs 


crabs 


gibes 


chubs 


cribs 


drubs 


tribes 


snubs 


barbs 


grubs 


imbibes 


throbs 


curbs 


slabs 


hubs 


proscribes 


disturbs 


tubes 


daubs 


dubs 



He curbs the playfulness which disturbs 
him. 

The men in the tribes are armed with 
clubs. 

The tubs are hidden in the shrubs. 

The painter daubs the hubs of the cabs. 

' Inscribes ' and ' proscribes ' are used 
only as verbs. 

He describes the garbs of the tribes. 

The globes are as large as the cubes. 

She rubs the knobs with oil from the 
tubes. 

He dubs the meadows glebes. 

The robes were hidden under the slabs. 



18 



ENUNCIATION AND AETICULATION 



The sound of *ds' as in 'clouds' 



lads 


goods 


abodes 


heads 


clouds 


boards 


succeeds 


herds 


floods 


eludes 


creeds 


swords 


tides 


woods 


gilds 


fluids 


words 


beholds 


yards 


frauds 


worlds 


birds 


moods 


spreads 


beads 


loads 


ballads 


blades 



The best grades of goods are on these two 
sides. 

Herds of cattle wandered from the roads 
into the woods. 

He reads of the clouds, floods, and tides. 

Hoods are w^orn by the maids on the sleds. 

He succeeds in leveling the yards round 
their abodes. 

The blades of the swords are tarnished by 
the fluids. 

In such moods she sang the words of the 
ballads with expression. 

The birds fill the woods wdth '"melody. 

He boards the boat before it glides down 
the stream. 

The clouds burst over their heads. 



ENUNCIATION AND ARTICULATION 



19 



The sound of 'ps' as in 'maps' 



caps 


chops 


envelopes 


shops 


laps 


pumps 


grasps 


usm:ps 


trips 


lamps 


gapes 


maps 


ropes 


stops 


escapes 


gossips 


keeps 


loops 


lips 


reaps 


perhaps 


soaps 


tips 


entraps 


steps 


hopes 


slips 


stoops 


crops 


capes 


drops 


leaps 


relapse 


collapse 


limps 


flaps 



We caught a glimpse of the caps and the 
wraps on the steps. 

Perhaps he stops to light the lamps. 

No malice escapes from the lips of the 
gossips. 

He hopes the crops will be heavy. 

The envelopes and maps are in the shops. 

The wind flaps the ropes against the 
pumps. 

He leaps from the window and drops to 
the ground. 

He grasps the whips by the loops. 

The words 'reaps/ 'leaps/ and 'flaps' 
end like the word 'keeps.' 



20 



E:^rUNCIATION AND AETICULATION 



The sound of *st' as in * wrist' 

Care should be taken to give each letter its full and distinct sound. 



fist 


strangest 


ghosts 


insists 


post 


nests 


cost 


resists 


ghost 


greatest 


hosts 


feast 


masts 


frosts 


thirst 


streets 


twist 


wrists 


posts 


subsist 


joists 


truest 


burst 


desists 


insist 


finest 


divests 


abstain 


guests 


largest 


exhaust 


digest 



'^ Amidst the mists and coldest frosts, 
With barest wrists and stoutest boasts, 
He thrusts his lists against the posts 
And still insists he sees the ghosts.'' 

They breast the wildest, fiercest blast. 

Eequest them not to give up the contest 
without protest. 

His hunger and thirst made the repast a 
feast. 

A host of the savages burst in upon the 
almost exhausted men. 

It was stated that most of the guests had 
granted his requests. 



ENUNCIATION AND ARTICULATION 



21 



The sound of *sh' as in 'ash' 



dash 


rash 


lavish 


shameful 


rush 


sham 


shine 


cherish 


sheet 


trash 


crush 


should 


dish 


wash 


bush 


finish 


flush 


ship 


shelter 


shoulder 


shelf 


sharp 


shark 


childish 


crash 


shepherd 


slush 


brushes 


shall 


flash 


splash 


shellfish 


refresh 


sheep 


fiendish 


selfish 


nourish 


bishop 


brownish 


impoverish 



The dish fell from the shelf with a crash. 

A dash of rain will refresh the earth and 
nourish the plants. 

We will cherish the wish. 

Polish will make the shelf shine. 

The old shepherd sought shelter for his 
sheep. 

They hear the crash of thunder and see 
the flash of light. 

A lavish use of water will wash away the 
brownish hue. 

The ships w^ere surrounded by sharks. 

And he shall be their shepherd. 



22 ENUKCIATIOlSr AND AETICULATION 

The sound of *ng' as in ^song' 



sting 


meaning 


breathing 


belong 


strengthening 


awning 


clang 


stocking 


worrying 


gong 


roaming 


incurring 


singing 


bringing 


grazing 


thinking 


roaring 


blossoming 


wronging 


flinging 


clamoring 



''Rising and leaping, 
Sinking and creeping, 
Swelling and sweeping, 
Showering and springing, 

Flying and flinging, 
Writhing and ringing, 
Eddying and whisking, 
Spouting and frisking, 
Turning and twisting. 

Around and around 
With endless rebound ! 
Smiting and fighting, 
A sight to delight in ; 
Confounding, astounding, 
Dizzying and deafening the ear with its 

sound. SOUTHEY 



ENUNCIATION AND ARTICULATION 



The sound of *x' as in 'flax' 



flax 


lilacs 


boxes 


vex 


backs 


relax 


convex 


rooks 


larks 


stocks 


barracks 


mocks 


wax 


oxen 


antics 


locks 


docks 


except 


tacks 


knocks 


flocks 


creaks 


arctics 


attacks 


looks 


bricks 


wrecks 


books 


ducks 


sacks 


racks 


appendix 


marks 


hoax 


blocks 


prefix 



She shakes the sticks, and strikes them 
on the bricks. 

Under the oaks are flocks of ducks. 

All the oxen except one are loaded with 
packs of flax. 

An earthquake shakes the docks. 

" Six thick thistle sticks.'^ 

The barracks w^ere built of bricks. 

The larks sang in the lilacs on the border 
of the lakes. 

Words like 'antics/ 'arctics/ and 'lilacs' 
are put in the appendix of the books. 

When she speaks, she vexes nobody. 

He looks for marks on the boxes of tacks. 



24 



ENUNCIATION AND ARTICULATION 



The sound of *s' as in 'vision' (vizhim) 



vision 


rouge 


azure 


allusion 


pleasure 


confusion 


seclusion 


division 


exposure 


decision 


incision 


profusion 


treasure 


precision 


osier 


illusion 


composure 


usual 


revision 


adhesion 


leisure 


explosion 


Hoosier 


elision 


effusion 


measure 


usury 


cohesion 


inclosure 


provision 


infusion 


delusion 



At their leisure they looked at the great 
treasure hidden within the inclosure. 

They worked with their usual decision 
and composure. 

He made careful provision to avoid an 
explosion. 

In conclusion they made allusion to the 
division of the treasure. 

The division of the people created much 
confusion. 

Look up and learn the meaning of ' adhe- 
sion' and ^cohesion.' 

The revision of the book required great 
precision. 

The illusion gave him pleasure. 



ENUNCIATION AND AETICULATION 25 

The sound of *wh^ as in *what' (Jiwot) 

Slightly contract the lips, and force the breath through them. 



whale 


whisper 


whinny 


whirl 


wheat 


whistle 


whence 


what 


wharf 


whither 


whereby 


whelp 


why 


whisk 


whippoorwill 


wheel 


whit 


whine 


whimper 


wheeze 


whim 


whether 


when 


whet 


which 


whiff 


meanwhile 


whittle 



Why do you whistle, whisper, and whine ? 

They saw the whale while they W' ere stand- 
ing on the wharf. 

Which has he, a whip or a whisk ? 

The wheel turns with a whirl. 

Whither does his whim lead him ? 

Meanwhile, wheel the cart wherever you 
wish. 

Whether the wheat is good, is the only 
question, and not whence it came. 

A whiff of smoke caused a whirl of ex- 
citement among the wharfmen. 

The horse whinnies when he nears home. 

In a whisper he asked w^hether I heard 
the note of the AYhippoorwill. 



26 ENUNCIATION AND ARTICULATION 

The sound of *gs' as in 'begs' 



bags 


brigs 


legs 


bogs 


slugs 


jigs 


rugs 


mugs 


pegs 


hogs 


crags 


cogs 


digs 


wags 


gigs 


logs 


tugs 


fogs 


figs 


begs 


pigs 


hugs 


twigs 


bugs 


drags 


hags 


rigs 


flags 


gags 


tags 


clogs 


dogs 


wigs 


dregs 


nags 


pugs 


lags 


kegs 


j^gs 


sags 


frogs 


fags 



She begs him for a basket of figs. 
Many flags were placed on the brigs. 
The dog's forelegs were white. 
The contents of two kegs will fill twenty 

jugs- 

The mugs were packed in bags. 

The rags hung on the pegs. 

The bugs ^vere crawling over the logs and 
the twigs. 

The dogs that he brought were pugs. 

The crags w^ere obscured by the fogs. 

The cogs of the W'heel are broken. 

The earth from the bogs is damp. 

When he lags, she drags him along. 

The long line sags from the weight of the 
rugs and the bags. 



ENUNCIATIOISr AND ARTICULATION 



27 



The sound of *ch' as in ^such' 



latch 


pitch 


reach 


thatch 


crutch 


starch 


which 


stretch 


clutch 


wrench 


patch 


pinch 


rich 


wretch 


bleach 


blotch 


much 


hatch 


flinch 


clinch 


fetch 


match 


stitch 


catch 


botch 


sketch 


Dutch 


inch 


touch 


preach 


witch 


orchards 


arch 


hitch 


perch 


scratch 


church 


search 


twitch 


merchant 



The merchant soon became rich. 

Do not touch the sketch. 

For how much will he bleach the hat ? 

Let us search for apples in the orchard. 

Fetch the starch and a match. 

The Dutch soldiers did not flinch. 

I w^ill do your stitching and patching. 

Can you reach to the top of the arch ? 

She will sketch the hills that stretch in 
the distance. 

The house has a thatched roof and a latch 
to the door. 

Stretch the cloth before you stitch it. 



28 



ENUNCIATION AND ARTICULATION 



The sound of * a' as in 'face* 



cage 


gave 


frail 


same 


rail 


make 


lane 


aim 


tame 


jail 


wait 


clay 


labor 


slain 


lathe 


save 


fate 


create 


claim 


raisin 


bait 


paid 


base 


wages 


daisy 


face 


ache 


made 


plate 


blame 


mate 


faith 


name 


spade 


snail 


bake 


praise 


say 


wade 


April 


cane 


dame 


cave 


cradle 


opaque 


safe 


gray 


main 


bail 


game 



The raisins came from Spain. 

We w ill w^ait until you bring the bait. 

Place the praise where it belongs. 

You do right in claiming your wages. 

He wall be sent to jail if he does not 
procure bail. 

We w^aited patiently, knowing we were safe. 

The strangers were well repaid for their 
behavior. 

The matron waited to receive the aged 
patient. 

He gave orders to delay the game. 

His mate did not shun the danger. 



e:n'uxciatiox AXD AETICULATIOX 29 
The sound of 'a' as in ^fact' 



glad 


sank 


hand 


calico 


cancel 


lamb 


land 


dash 


rabid 


captive 


and 


bade 


span 


tally 


camel 


crag 


hack 


flag 


have 


barrel 


sash 


rang 


lasso 


catch 


rapidly 


drab 


hath 


badge 


cabin 


scatter 


damp 


plan 


man 


travel 


scratch 



that camp animal chapel ladder 

The hack is backed by the span of fine 
horses. 

That old man has muslins and calicoes. 

When the new flag rose, the camp rang 
with cheers. 

The barrel rolled rapidly into the corner 
of the cabin. 

According to plan they dashed into the 
enemy's ranks. 

We will catch the cattle with lassos. 

The captives camped in the valley. 

I am glad that he received the badge of 
honor. 

The camels will travel rapidly through 
the sandv desert. 



30 



ENUNCIATION AND ARTICULATION 





The sound of ^a' 


as in ^far^ 




hard 


star farm 


cargo 


farce 


cahii 


card lark 


are 


charge 


yard 


chart arch 


mark 


sparse 


dart 


alms cart 


bars 


particle 


spark 


lard charm 


farther 


barn 


harm 


harp tart 


marvel 


start 


calf 


scar ardor 


marsh 


balm 


dark 


carpet garden 


embark 


smart 



The cart did no harm to the arch. 

The larks are by the marsh. 

She works hard on the farm. 

We are charmed with your barn. 

In the darkness darting stars were seen. 

The sweet harp sounded through the calm 
night. 

The marshy countries were only sparsely 
settled. 

I charge you not to scar the bars. 

The carpet burned by sparks from the 
yard. 

They started through the garden to the 
barn. 

My calf darted into the marsh. 



ENUNCIATION AND ARTICULATION 



31 



The sound of 'a' as in 'fall' (fdi) 



wall 


call 


hawk 


almost 


water 


saw 


ward 


warm 


straw 


chalk 


balk 


warp 


salt 


warn 


dawdle 


gnaw 


draw 


fall 


paltry 


reward 


dawn 


ball 


falter 


flaw 


squally 


walk 


thaw 


lawyer 


caldron 


lawn 


claw 


gall 


raw 


halter 


small 


fawn 


halt 


swarm 


warble 


Baltic 



The law^yer halted on the law^n. 

His small horse balked by the w all. 

They were almost upset by the squall. 

Do not fall into the water. 

We saw the swarm of bees on our walk. 

The lawn will be watered before dawn. 

The old salt refused the paltry reward. 

The tall young soldier never returned from 
the war. 

Warm water filled the caldron. 

The claws of the haw^k w^ere long. 

While walking by the Baltic he saw^ the 
fa^vn. 

The thawdng of the ice showed flaw^s in 
the caldron. 



32 ENUNCIATION AND ARTICULATION 

The sound of *e' as in *be' 



she 


heat 


deal 


concede 


sheep 


reap 


fear 


keep 


legal 


shield 


seal 


deem 


chief 


compete 


sleet 


feed 


peal 


easily 


agree 


peace 


seat 


deep 


steep 


sweet 


cedar 


these 


east 


leave 


season 


sleep 


weed 


seed 


here 


proceed 


means 


lean 


each 


evil 


grieve 


accede 



Our east room has too much heat. 

I deem it easy to plant these seeds deep. 

He has means for keeping sheep. 

Weeds grow thick here this season. 

Sweet sleep will cheer thee. 

These seals do not eat much. 

I fear he has no cheap seats. 

We agreed to keep our proceeds. 

He hears that she will compete. 

We need to proceed to eat our meal. 

A treaty of peace will please all. 

She sleeps a deep sleep. 

He keeps your street clean. 

Such, proceedings would be illegal. 

These cedar trees shield many sheep. 



ENUNCIATION AND ARTICULATION 33 





The sound of ^e' 


as in *beg* 




best 


text 


kept 


instead 


belfry 


set 


went 


mess 


yellow 


metal 


tent 


help 


west 


dread 


stealth 


mesh 


dead 


when 


jealous 


friend 


bell 


jest 


death 


length 


thread 


get 


left 


ready 


breadth 


depth 


neck 


wept 


cellar 


meant 


send 


fled 


peck 


deaf 


effort 


vessel 



Our old sexton rang that bell without 
any help. 

I was almost yellow with jealousy. 

I dread to tell you what I meant. 

Our cellar will vary in length, breadth, 
'and depth. 

Do not jest with your friends. 

This thread was sent to mend our tent. 

Our friend wept when you left. 

Ten dreadful men meant to get in by 
stealth. 

Ned went to help, and did his best. 

Let us send vessels full of wood instead 
of bars of metal. 

A west wind meant plenty of rain. 



34 



ENUNCIATION AND ARTICULATION 





The sound of 4' 


as in ^fine^ 




high 


mild 


life 


isle 


reside 


nine 


line 


dine 


smile 


unbind 


wife 


kite 


mind 


rival 


devise 


wise 


wild 


side 


guide 


resign 


tide 


fife 


trial 


size 


untwine 


time 


rind 


find 


remind 


confide 


mile 


pint 


sigh 


idea 


combine 


nice 


vile 


retire 


height 


provide 



Make the most of time and tide. 

I w^alked a mile on a wild height, alone, 
at night. 

Untwdne the line of the kite from the vine. 

Find a guide to conduct us through the 
mine. 

Mind you wTite to me at the time. 

I remind you that the idea may brighten 
your entire life. 

The five boys dived for the dime. 

I cannot be resigned to a lonely life on 
the isle. 

Retire at nine that you may rise at five. 

I like to climb w^here they have a climate 
not too mild. 



ENUNCIATION AND ARTICULATION 



35 





The sound of 4^ 


as in ^fin^ 




grim 


mint 


ship 


pinch 


filbert 


trip 


spin 


ring 


skillful 


river 


king 


liquid 


pick 


distance 


missed 


slim 


flit 


trim 


bitters 


clinch 


wind 


milk 


critic 


instant 


incident 


inch 


sink 


sting 


mists 


crimson 


gift 


qnill 


city 


kitchen 


looking 


this 


wink 


village 


fickle 


accident 



This beautiful city is on a river. 

The wind dissipated the mists. 

This milk will be given to the children in 
the village. 

That ship wdll sink in an instant. 

At a distance the sky seemed crimson. 

The king bestows many gifts. 

This bitter liquid is intended for a tonic. 

An ill-looking individual came into the 
inn in the evening. 

Let us visit the mint in Philadelphia. 

Try to distinguish the difference between 
incident and accident. 

In an instant the bell will be heard in 
the kitchen. 



36 



ENUNCIATION AND ARTICULATION 



The sound of *o' as in 'bone' 



both 


lone 


snow 


hold 


pole 


torn 


hole 


grow 


road 


oak 


bone 


port 


post 


coarse 


sofa 


forth 


host 


toad ' 


mote 


aroma 


cone 


home 


yoke 


soar 


soda 


more 


glow 


vocal 


gory 


postage 


zone 


loaf 


floral 


foliage 


foam 


fort 


coax 


poet 


sword 


portrait 



The shadow cast by the oaks darkened 
the road. 

The broken yoke caused the accident. 

She sees her home near the port. 

The sword was under the sofa. 

More singers assisted in the chorus. 
The score w as told before we drove home. 

The nose and throat are affected by cold. 

The poet sent the postman a portrait. 

No bones were broken, but both hands 
were bruised. 

In that zone the foliage w^as luxuriant. 

The red glow in the snow will quickly go 
away. 

No portrait hangs over the sofa. 



ENUNCIATION AND AETICULATION 37 

The sound of ^o' as in ^ bonnet^ 

doll pond clock comet lozenge 



frog 


shop 


plod 


officer 


sonnet 


mSck 


lodge 


hot 


modern 


volley 


on 


flog 


folly 


pocket 


modest 


plot 


bond 


solid 


commerce 


model 


flock 


stop 


offer 


comic 


chop 


drop 


log 


forgot 


forehead 


bother 



dodge dock honest ostrich forgive 

Honesty is the best policy. 

The antique shop had modern clocks. 

She writes a sonnet on a doll. 

The officer stopped on the dock. 

A fable was written on the frog and the 
ostrich. 

The honest man plodded onward. 

He pnt the lozenge in his pocket. 

We shall be dropped when the ship stops 
at the dock. 

A frog sat on a log in a pond. 

He makes honest profits in commerce. 

In my folly I dropped the model. 

She did not stop until she reached the 
shop. 



88 



ENUNCIATION AND AETICULATION 



The sound of *oo' as in 'boot' 



food 


who 


tooth 


balloon 


troop 


hoof 


roof 


noon 


doing 


boot 


hoop 


moon 


soon 


remove 


spool 


tomb 


yoTi 


into 


bamboo 


roost 


lose 


whose 


school 


loom 


loser 


room 


too 


broom 


boor 


spoon 


doom 


smooth 


move 


nndo 


noose 


prove 


sloop 


gloom 


soothe 


baboon 



The moon may be visible at noon. 

Undo the fastenings under the balloon. 

Will the food prove sufficient ? 

The bamboos were smooth. 

The roof was removed too soon. 

The bamboo chair w^as placed in whose 
room? 

The troops had improved in discipline. 

The foolish baboon sat gazing at the moon. 

You wdll be reproved unless you do well 
at school. 

We soon saw the sloop sailing the smooth 
sea. 

What are you doing with that spoon ? 

Who carried the boots into my room ? 



ENUNCIATION AND ARTICULATION 39 

The sound of *oo' as in 'book' 



nook 


cook 


look 


butcher 


pulpit 


hood 


bush 


shook 


Mly 


stood 


full 


puss 


rook 


bushel 


pulley 


foot 


wool 


pullet 


pudding 


playful 


good 


push 


book 


woolen 


would 


brook 


put 


bull 


mistook 


should 


hook 


could 


took 


woodbine 


armful 



The rook alighted near the woodbine. 

The hasty brook would linger in many a 
pretty nook. 

Her playful puss was pulling at the w^oolen 
hood. 

He mistook the butcher and the cook. 

I shook the bush wdth my foot. 

The cook took the pudding and put it 
a-cooking. 

The puss sat watching the bushes by the 
brook. 

She took a look at the bookcase. 

We put the hooks and pulleys where we 
could find them. 

The hood would have been better if lined 
with wool. 



40 



ENUNCIATION AND ARTICULATION 



The sound of 'oi' as in 'boiling* 



oil 


foil 


poise 


adjoin 


hoyden 


soil 


join 


toil 


anoint 


joiner 


coy 


avoid 


coin 


adroit 


pointed 


noise 


spoil 


noisy 


cloister 


employ 


joint 


loyal 


alloy 


purloin 


ointment 


broil 


voice 


toiler 


rejoice 


turmoil 


point 


royal 


exploit 


boiling 


appoint 


coil 


ahoy 


loiter 


boys 


voyage 


quoit 


annoy 


joyful 


destroy 


moisten 



The boys will avoid making much noise. 

He employed us at the appointed time. 

We rejoice that she has such a fine voice. 

They were loitering near the cloister. 

We will join them at a distant point. 

The soil requires moisture. 

The coin is twenty parts alloy. 

The quoit was adroitly poised in the air. 

They purloined and destroyed the joiner's 
saw. 

The turmoil annoyed the employer. 

The ointment was spoiled by boiling. 

All these toilers rejoiced when they 
avoided the turmoil. 



ENUNCIATION AND ARTICULATION 



41 



The sound of *ou' as in 'bound' 



loud 


ground 


recount 


flower 


flour 


vouch 


cloud 


abound 


gout 


found 


vowel 


thou 


noun 


scour 


devout 


redound 


pout 


shout 


hour 


arouse 


pound 


mound 


mount 


bower 


mouth 


bough 


bounty 


surround 


ounce 


proud 


count 


renown 


sound 


fount 


sour 


round 


shroud 


rebound 


about 


thousand 



The boughs were placed at the mound. 

In an hour the sky was filled with clouds. 

The city was surrounded by thousands. 

Flowers grew round the fount. 

Round the mouth when you sound these 
vowels. 

We will arouse them with shouts. 

His renown made his friends proud. 

Announce the hour distinctly and rather 
loudly. 

Sixteen ounces make a pound. 

He announced that he had now found the 
account. 



42 



ENUNCIATION AND ARTICULATION 



The sound of *u' as in *muse' 



pure 


amuse 


humor 


misuse 


statue 


huge 


duty 


music 


bugle 


mutable 


duke 


refuse 


indue 


view 


costume 


tube 


cube 


new 


cuticle 


feudal 


mule 


during 


excuse 


mutiny 


obtuse 


few 


beauty 


unit 


tribute 


dilute 


tune 


student 


acute 


human 


compute 


fume 


imbue 


cubic 


infuse 


universe 



The new paint is in the short tube. 

Few students can compute so rapidly. 

The beauty of the statue infused her with 
new ideas. 

He was excused from other duties during 
the afternoon. 

The tones of the bugle were like softest 
music. 

In feudal days the duke paid tribute to 
his sovereign. 

The child was amused by the antics of 
the mule. 

An obtuse angle is greater than an acute 
angle. 

The story was imbued with humor. 



ENUNCIATION AND AETICULATION 



43 



The sound of *u^ as in ^must' 



but 


dull 


ruddy 


muddy 


hubbub 


siin 


flutter 


justice 


lovely 


mother 


dove 


rust 


crusty 


muscle 


butter 


drum 


lump 


enough 


some 


custom 


numb 


robust 


younger 


rudder 


stubborn 


jump 


buff 


bucket 


current 


cluster 


one 


dust 


unjust 


come 


trumpet 


dusk 


tumble 


sullen 


custard 


sudden 


trust 


brother 


upright 


cutter 


summer 



The custard and the butter were made 
by mother. 

Suddenly the boat was struck by the cur- 
rent and upset. 

The bucket and the cup were rusty. 

Training the muscles will help to make 
robust health and a ruddy complexion. 

The smuggler will become a just man. 

The younger brother repaired the rudder 
of the cutter. 

She will come between sundown and dusk. 

The sudden excitement was enough for 
one summer. 

The notes of the trumpet were dull. 



44 ENUNCIATION AND AETICULATION 

The sound of ^ness' as in * goodness' 

Care should be taken to oive e instead of i. 



goodness 


fitness 


coarseness 


wilderness 


calmness 


whiteness 


boldness 


stillness 


clearness 


business 


darkness 


roughness 


weakness 


lightness 


toughness 


profuseness 


manliness 


ghostliness 


greatness 


kindness 


laziness 


happiness 


gentleness 


dizziness 


dumbness 


comeliness 


clumsiness 


uneasiness 


richness 


fineness 


numbness 


roundness 


carelessness 


idleness 


smoothness 


stinginess 


thickness 


brightness 


selfishness 



The boldness of the plan caused some 
uneasiness. 

Happiness is the result of goodness. 

Carelessness was his great weakness. 

He acted with his usual kindness and 
gentleness. 

The paper was selected on account of its 
whiteness and smoothness. 

The fitness of the fabric depended on its 
fineness. 



ENUNCIATION AND ARTICULATION 



45 



The sound of *le' as in 'simple' (sim'p'l) 

Avoid giving el for 7. 



little 


simple 


sample 


cradle 


ample 


brittle 


dimple 


cuddle 


fondle 


dangle 


rattle 


sickle 


kindle 


prattle 


trickle 


giggle 


dazzle 


couple 


cackle 


wrinkle 


feeble 


fiddle 


muzzle 


crumple 


puzzle 


settle 


fickle 


nimble 


bungle 


spindle 


scuttle 


struggle 


bottle 


shuffle 


cattle 


cobble 


buckle 


crumble 


double 


trample 



The sound of ^eP as in ^traveP (travfei) 



novel 


label 


petrel 


hntel 


fuel 


vessel 


hovel 


pommel 


model 


travel 


shovel 


funnel 


duel 


satchel 


gruel 


gravel 


tunnel 


revel 


towel 


minstrel 


gospel 


channel 


cruel 


quarrel 


level 


bevel 


parcel 


shrivel 


sorrel 


kernel 


chisel 


sentinel 


tinsel 


trowel 


easel 


weasel 


chapel 


flannel 


camel 


pickerel 


enamel 


bushel 


panel 


apparel 


mongrel 


marvel 


cudgel 


impanel 



46 ENUNCIATION AND ARTICULATION 



The sound of 'y' as in * story' (sto'n) 





Avoid giving e 


for t 




any 


penny 


story 


naughty 


shanty 


glassy 


cleanly 


county 


celery 


factory 


only 


steady 


treaty 


comely 


truly 


swampy 


very 


pity 


honey 


fully 


gaudy 


lively 


body 


monkey 


roomy 


gayiy 


carry 


lily 


duty 


hurry 


fairy 


dirty 


navy 


, parsley 


empty 


quarry 


lightly 


mercy 


buggy 


worry 



" Lightly row ! lightly row ! 
O'er the glassy waves we go/' 

Carry the child across the swampy field. 

Give him a i)enny to take the parsley and 
celery. 

Tell the story fully and truly. 

The navy comprised eight hundred and 
forty ships. 

The treaty w^as signed only after a lively 
discussion. 

Do not hurry, and never worry. 

The buggy was made at the factory. 

The peony is more gaudy than the lily. 



EI^UNCIATIOK AND APvTICULATIOISr 



47 



The sound of ^u' as in ^muse' 

This sound should receive special attention and daily drill. 
Teach the pupils that the sound is exactly the same as that of 
the word 'you' (yod). (See page 42.) 



beauty 


ensue 


induce 


cure 


excuse 


assume 


stew 


duty 


indue 


dupe 


Luna 


steward 


knew 


stupid 


pew 


stupor 


Tuesday 


salute 


tulip 


tune 


news 


stupefy 


neuter 


fume 


view 


suit 


educe 


acute 


numeral 


reduce 


suitable 


institute 


renew 


abusive 


Nubia 


new 


cupola 


durable 


opportune 


fuse 


lucid 


pure 


refute 


duplicate 


mute 



The pure air Avill effect a cure. 

He w^as induced to renew the excnse. 

The institute will be held on Tuesday. 

I assumed that the ste^vard had a neiv 
suit of clothes. 

A suitable salute ensued. 

Stupor foUoAved the acute pain. 

The cupola was not suitable for the new 
institution. 

He will assume the duties of steward. 

The news came opportunely. 

The new students knew the numerals. 



48 



ENUNCIATION AND ARTICULATION 



The sound of *th' as in 'there' 



the 


loathe 


southern 


lathe 


those 


weather 


without 


writhe 


they 


father 


farther 


rather 


thither 


than 


seethe 


further 


fathom 


breathe 


withstand 


wither 


theirs 


bother 


smother 


smooth 


scythe 


northern 


wreathe 


hither 


whither 


brother 


clothes 


feather 


farthing 


that 


bequeath 


nether 


thine 


other 


sheathe 


bathe 



They blithely traveled thither. 

The boat sank six fathoms in the seeth- 
ing waves. 

His uncle did not bequeath him a farthing. 

The smoke was so dense that he could 
scarcely breathe. 

They wear other clothes when the weather 
is fair. 

Father has gone to the northern part of 
their state. 

I had rather have the feather. 

Whither is he going with his brother? 

The scythe is there by the lathe. 



ENUlSrCIATION AND AETICTJLATION 



49 



The sound of *sh' as in * action' (ak'shm) 



laction 


commission 


assertion 


mission 


precaution 


foundation 


formation 


possession 


relation 


mansion 


plantation 


exultation 


initial 


conscription 


recreation 


ocean 


distinction 


impression 


pension 


protection 


separation 


ancient 


creation 


persecution 


partial 


depression 


perception 


expression 


direction 


meditation 


emotion 


completion 


suspicion 


profession 


objection 


correction 


ambition 


admiration 


detention 


musician 


perfection 


associate 



To procure a pension was his ambition. 

He chose the profession of musician. 

There was a suspicion that the foundation 
was not ancient. 

Admiration was expressed at the great 
perfection of the work. 

He took possession of the plantation. 

There was no objection to the assertion. 

A distinction between the expressions will 
be found in the dictionary. 



50 



ENUNCIATION AND AETICULATION 



Silent *t' as in 'castle' 



often 


gristle 


crochet 


jostle 


christen 


wrestle 


hasten 


hustle 


hostler 


mortgage 


epistle 


glisten 


soften 


croquet 


apostle 


bustle 


castle 


Christmas 


sachet * 


bristle 


listen 


nestle 


whistle 


fasten 


bouquet 


sobriquet 


chasten 


rustle 



His younger child Avill be christened 
before Christmas. 

She often w alks near yonder castle. 

All listened while he read an epistle of 
Paul. 

We were jostled by a crowd. 

When he whistled, landlord and hostler 
appeared. 

She heard a softened sound like rustling 
leaves. 

He was unhappy because of a mortgage 
which remained unpaid. 

Moistening will freshen your bouquet. 

Polly used a glistening needle in her 
crocheting. 

If we hasten, we can play croquet. 



ENUNCIATION AND AETICULATION 



51 



WORDS DIFFICULT OF ENUNCIATION 



text 


twelfths 


acts 


distinct 


perplexed- 


fifths 


asked 


months 


next 


tenths 


risked 


shrewd 


betwixt 


sixths 


attacked 


shrinks 


taxed 


sevenths 


tasked 


shrine 


mixed- 


ninths 


basked 


tracts 


relaxed 


eighths 


masked 


thrusts 


coaxed 


elevenths 


amongst 


spheres 


fixed 


thirteenths 


amidst 


depths 


boxed 


hundredths 


leagued 


dismisses 


waxed 


thousandths 


rigged 


government 


priests 


respects 


withes 


deafened 


gifts 


shrimps 


lengths 


dwarfed 


hosts 


prompt 


strengthened 


gasps 


shrieks 


thwarts 


lengthened 


colts 


chasms 


didst 


changed 


blasts 


writhes 


attempts 


maddened 


punctuate 


sense and cents 


close and clothes 


dense and dents 


tens and tends 


mince and mints 


prince and 


[ prints 


tense and tents 


ax and acts 


tracks and tracts 


sex and sects 


instance and instants 


relics and relicts 


condemn and contemn 


innocence 


and innocents 


false and faults 


wander and wonder 



52 ENUNCIATION AND ARTICULATION 

SENTENCES TO RECEIVE ESPECIAL CARE 
IN ARTICULATION 

Don't you hurt your hand. 

Did you bid your friend good-by ? 

Can't you find your hat ? 

Won't you write your name ? 

The three divisions marched in different 
directions. 

'^The sea ceaseth, and it sufficeth us." 

We found your hat and your cane. 

^^ Shall she sell sea shells? " 

I wish you a merry Christmas. 

These islands are in the midst of the 
tropics. 

Didn't you say that the Arctic Ocean 
lies round the north pole? 

Shouldn't you prefer to live in one of 
the temperate zones? 

Rinse the ink from the glass. 

Did you cross the creek in coming ? 

Everybody will attend the meeting. 

Catch the ball when it comes down. 

I have a great deal to say to you. 



ENUISrCIATION AND AETICULATION 63 

The goods are not at all satisfactory. 

Take tape to tie the cape. 

Lucy likes light literature. 

''The splendor falls on castle walls.'' 

He told me that he tolled the bell. 

" The strife ceaseth, and the good man 
rejoiceth.'' 

Hers was an eventful life. 

'' The rain ceaseth, and it ceaseth to rain.'' 

Did you say a nice house or an ice 
house ? 

" Did you say you saw the spirit sigh, or 
the spirit's eye, or the spirit's sigh? " 

" I said I saw the spirit's eye ; not the 
spirit sigh, nor the spirit's sigh." 

''He spoke of it particularly, and per- 
emptorily declared it inexplicable." 

" She uttered a shrill shriek, and shrank 
from the shriveled form." 

"The cell door opened as he ceased to 
speak." 

The poetry was written by an aged 
dwarf. 



54 EIsTUlSrCIATIOlSr AND AETICULATION 

A WHISPERING EXERCISE 

Little Nell was dead. " No sleep so beau- 
tiful and calm, so free from trace of pain, 
so fair to look upon. She seemed a creature 
fresh from the hand of God, and waiting 
for the breath of life ; not one who had 
lived and suffered death. 

'' Her couch was dressed with here and 
there some wdnter berries and green leaves, 
gathered in a spot she had been used to 
favor. ' When I die, put near me something 
that has loved the light, and had the sky 
above it always.' Those were her words.'' 

^' There is a calm for those who weep, 
A rest for weary pilgrims found ; 
They softly lie and sweetly sleep, 
Low in the ground. 

'' The storm that sweeps the wintry sky 
No more disturbs their deep repose 
Than summer evening's latest sigh. 
That shuts the rose." 



e:ntunciation and articulation 55 

'^ And once behind a rick of barley, 
Thus looking out, did Harry stand ; 

The moon was full, and shining clearly, 
And crisp with frost the stubble land. 

He hears a noise — he 's all awake — 
Again ! On tiptoe down the hill 

He softly creeps. '^ 

^' Knitting, knitting, knitting. 
Round after round. 

Each the last interlocking. 
Our earnest efforts this evening crowned 

With a completed stocking.'' 

" Never here, forever there. 
Where all parting, pain, and care. 
And death, and time shall disappear, - — 
Forever there, but never here ! 
The horologe of Eternity 
Saying this incessantly, — 
' Forever — never ! 
Never — forever ! ' '' 



56 ENUNCIATION AND ARTICULATION 
PERSEVERANCE 

Have pupils enunciate each word distinctly, giving special 
attention to the final sounds. 

After being clearly enunciated, these stories may be used as 
reproduction exercises in intermediate grades. 

'' Will you give my kite a lift? '^ said my 
little nephew to his sister, after trying in 
vain to make it fly by dragging it along the 
ground. 

Lucy very kindly took it up and threw 
it into the air; but her brother neglecting 
to run off at the same moment, the kite fell 
down again. 

" Ah ! now, how awkward you are ! ^^ said 
the little fellow. 

''It was your fault entirely, '^ answered 
his sister. 

''Try again, children,'' said I. "There is 

an old proverb which says, 'Perseverance 

conquers all things.' " 

C. Elizabeth 



ENUNCIATIO]^ AND AETICULATION 57 

AN UNWELCOME VISITOR 

A person calling one day at a house 
where his visits had been more frequent 
than welcome was told by the servant that 
her master had gone away. 

'^ Oh, well, never mind/' he said, ^^I will 
speak with the mistress. '^ 

'^ She has also gone out, sir,'' the maid 
replied. 

Not liking to be denied admission, the 
man said, '^ As it is a cold day, I will step 
in and sit by the fire a few moments." 

" Ah, sir, but that has gone out too," con- 
tinued the girl ; by which time the luckless 
visitor concluded that it was best for him 
to stay out. 

LOOK ON THE BRIGHT SIDE 

A man deeply involved in debt was walk- 
ing in the street with a melancholy air, 
when one of his acquaintances asked him 
why he was so sorrowful. 



68 ENUNCIATION AND ARTICULATION 

" Alas ! '' he said, '' I am in a state of 
insolvency.'' 

''Well/' added his friend, " if that is the 
case, it is not you but your creditors who 
ought to wear a woeful countenance." 

SHREWDNESS 

A Highlander who sold brooms went into 
a barber's shop in Glasgow to be shaved. 
The barber took one of his brooms, and 
after having shaved him, asked the price 
of it. 

''Twopence," said the Highlander. 

"No, no," rejoined the shaver, "I will 
give you a penny, and if that does not 
satisfy you, take your broom again." 

The Highlander took the penny, and 
asked what he had to pay. 

"A penny," says the barber. 
"I '11 give you a halfpenny," says Duncan, 
^' and if that does not satisfy you, put my 
beard on again." 



ENUNCIATION AND AETICULATION 59 

THE CHERRIES OF HAMBURG 

^^In the early part of the sixteenth cen- 
tury cherries were very rare in Germany. 
A citizen of Hamburg, named Wolf, had 
in the middle of the town a walled garden 
in which he had gathered the rarest of 
cherry trees ; and by constant watchful- 
ness he alone possessed healthy cherry 
trees, bearing the juiciest cherries. 

''AH who wished cherries must go to 
him, and he sold them at the highest 
prices. One season when his cherry trees 
were in blossom and giving promise of 
an abundant crop, a war broke out in the 
north of Germany, in which Hamburg was 
invaded. The city was besieged, and so 
surrounded by the enemy that no help 
could reach it. 

'' Slowly they consumed all the provisions 
that were stored, and famine was staring 
them in the face. 

''Meanwhile the enemy had grown more 
fierce without; the heat was intense and 



60 ENUNCIATION AND ARTICULATION 

had dried up the brooks and springs, so 
that the besiegers were becoming wild with 
thirst. It made them more savage, and the 
commanding general would listen to no 
terms, but swore to destroy the city and 
to put all the inhabitants, soldiers and old 
men, women and children, to the sword. 

'' Wolf thought of these things as he 
returned to his garden after a week's 
fighting with the enemy. In his absence 
the cherries had ripened fast, and were 
now superb, fairly bursting with the red 
juice. A sudden thought came to him as 
he looked at the cherries, and a hope 
arose that he might yet save his fellow 
townsmen. 

''He brought together all the children of 
the town, to the number of three hundred, 
and had them dressed wholly in white. 
He brought them into his orchard and 
loaded each with a branch heavy with 
rich, juicy cherries, and marshaling them, 
sent them out of the city to the camp of 
the enemy. 



ENUNCIATION AND AETICULATION 61 

'^ The besieging general saw the pro- 
cession drawing near, concealed by the 
boughs they were carrying, and suspected 
some trick. 

''Then he was told that they were chil- 
dren of Hamburg who had heard that he 
and his army were suffering from thirst, 
and were bringing luscious cherries to 
quench it. He was very angry, thinking 
that they had come to mock him, and de- 
clared that he would have them put to 
death before his eyes. 

''But when the procession came before 
him, and he saw the poor children, so pale, 
so worn by hunger, his heart was touched. 
He was filled with pity, and tears came 
into his eyes ; what the warriors of the 
town could not do the children did — they 
vanquished the hard heart. 

" That evening the little cherry bearers 
returned to the city, and with them went 
a great procession of carts filled, with pro- 
visions for the starving people ; and the 
very next day a treaty of peace was signed. 



62 ENUNCIATION AND ARTICULATION 

" In memory of this event, the people of 
Hamburg every year keep a festival, called 
the Feast of the Cherries. The children of 
the city, clad in white, march through the 
streets holding green boughs, to which the 
people hasten to tie bunches of cherries ; only 
now the children are chubby and merry, and 
they eat the cherries themselves/^ 



ENUNCIATIO:^ AKD AETICULATION 63 

THE LAST LEAF 

I saw him once before, 
As he passed by the door, 

And again 
The pavement stones resound, 
As he totters o'er the ground 

With his cane. 

They say that in his prime, 
Ere the pruning-knife of Time 

Cut him down, 
Not a better man was found 
By the Crier on his round 

Through the town. 

But now he walks the streets, 
And he looks at all he meets 

Sad and wan. 
And he shakes his feeble head, 
That it seems as if he said, 

^^They are gone/' 

The mossy marbles rest 
On the lips that he has prest 
In their bloom, 



64 EISTUlSrCIATIOK AND AETICULATION 

And the names he loved to hear 
Have been carved for many a year 
On the tomb. 

My grandmamma has said — 
Poor old lady, she is dead 

Long ago — 
That he had a Roman nose, 
And his cheek was like a rose 

In the snow; 

But now his nose is thin. 
And it rests upon his chin 

Like a staff. 
And a crook is in his back, 
And a melancholy crack 

In his laugh. 

I know it is a sin 
For me to sit and grin 

At him here; 
But the old three-cornered hat, 
And the breeches, and all that. 

Are so queer! 



ENUNCIATION AND AETICULATION 65 

And if I should live to be 
The last leaf upon the tree 

In the spring, 
Let them smile, as I do now, 
At the old forsaken bough 

Where I cling. 

O. W. Holmes 



66 



ENUNCIATION AND ARTICULATION 



KEY TO PRONUNCIATION 



Long a 


= a 


as in 


face 


Half-long a 


= a 


u u 


surface 


Short a 


= a 


u u 


fact 


Obscure short a 


= d 


a a 


affect 


Italian a 


= a 


u u 


far 


Intermediate a 


= a 


a a 


after 


Obscure intermediate a 


= a 


u u 


afire 


Broad a 


A 

= 


u ^^ 


fall (f 61) 


Long e 


= e 


a a 


be 


Half-long e 


= e 


a a 


begin 


Short e 


= e 


u ^^ 


beg 


Obscure short e 


= e 


a ic 


basem(?nt 


Neutral e 


= e 


a 4^ 


baker 


Long i 


__ T 


u u 


fine 


Short i 


= 1 


ci, a 


fin 


Long 


= 


u u 


bone 


Half-long 


± 

= 


a ic 


obey 


Broad o 


= S 


Ci, QQ 


border 


Short 


= 


a a 


bonnet 


Obscure short o 


= 


a. a 


connect 


Doubtful 


= 


ii en 


long 


Long 00 


= 00 


a a 


boot 



ENUNCIATION AND AETICULATION 



67 



Short 00 = 00 as in book 

Diphthong oi = oi " '' boiUng 
Diphthong oic = on '' " bound 



Long u 


— u 


U 


u 


muse 


Half-long u 


= u 


u 


u 


musician 


Mixed 11 


A 

= U 


u 


Ci 


murky 


Short u 


= Vl 


a 


iC 


must 


Obscure short it 


= u 


u 


ii 


circles 


Diphthongal ch 


= ch 


u 


u 


chair 


Hard g 


= g 


u 


u 


get 


Nasal n 


= 1} 


a 


ii 


ir)k 


Voiceless th 


= th 


a 


a 


thin 


Voiced th 


= th 


a 


ii 


then 



68 



ENUNCIATION AND ARTICULATION 



WORDS COMMONLY MISPRONOUNCED 

When words vary in pronunciation, usually the preferred form 
only is given. For the Key, see pages Q6 and 67. 



abdomen 

accent {verh) 

accept 

acclimate 

acoustics 

address {noun or verb) 

adept [noun or adj,) 

Adonis 

adult 

advertisement 

aerate 

aeroplane 

again 

aggrandize 

ailanthus 

albumen 

Aldine 

alias 

alien 

allopathy 

alloy 

ally {iioitn or verh) 

almond 

amenable 

Amherst 



ab do'men 

ak sent' 

ak sept' 

a kli'mat 

a koos'tiks 

a dres' 

a dept' 

a do'nis 

a dult' 

ad vur'tiz m(?nt 

a'er at 

a'e ro plan 

a gen' 

ag'ran diz 

a lan'th^6S 

al bti'men 

al'din 

a'li as 

al'y(?n 

a lop'd thi 

a loi' {not al'oi) 

all' 

a'mt^nd 

a me'nd b'l 

am' erst 



enunciatio:n" and articulation 



69 



anchovy 




an cho'vi 


Andronicus (m 


the classics) 


an dro nVkiis 


Andronicus {m 


Shakespeare) 


an dron'i k^i^s 


animalcule 




an 1 maPkul 


annex (noun or verb) 


a neks' 


antarctic 




ant ark'tik 


antipodes 




an tip' 6 dez 


Aphrodite 




af ro di'te 


apotheosis 




ap 6 the' 6 sis 


apparatus 




ap a TWtm 


aqueous 




a'kwe us 


Arab 




ar'^b 


Arabic 




ar'abik 


arbutus 




ar'bti tils 


arctic 




ark'tik 


arid 




ar'id 


Arkansas {river or state) 


ar'kan so 


aroma 




a ro'md 


artificer 




ar tif 'i ser 


asbestos 




as bes'toSj az- 


Asia 




a'sha 


assets 




as'ets 


athenaeum 




ath e ne^uTR 


attacked 




. a-takt' 


aureola 




8 re'o la 


Avon (river) 




a'v(5n 


bade 




bad 


Balearic 




bal e ar'ik 



70 



ENUNCIATION AND ARTICULATION 



balm 


bam 


balsam 


bol'sam 


banquet 


barj'kwet 


bastinado 


bas ti na'do 


Beethoven 


ba'to Yen 


bellow 


bel'o 


bellows 


bel'oz^ heVm 


beneath 


be neth 


benzine 


ben'zin,-zen 


bicycle 


bi'si k'l 


biography 


bi og'ra fi 


bitumen 


bi tu'm(?n 


bivouac 


biv'wak 


blatant 


bla'tant 


boatswain 


bot'swan ; nautical bo's'n 


Bologna 


bo lon'ya 


bomb 


bom 


bombast 


bom'bast 


bouquet 


booka' 


bowie knife 


bo'i nif 


bowling 


bol'ing 


bow (of ship) 


bou 


bowsprit 


bo'sprit 


Bozzaris 


Jbot'sares {often Angli- 
1 cized^ bo zar'is) 


bravo {interjection) 


bra'vo 


breeches 


brich'ez 


brigand 


brig'and 


bromide 


bro'mTd 



ENUNCIATION AND AETICULATION 



71 



bromine 


bro'mm 


bronchitis 


bror) ki'tis 


brooch 


broch 


bulwark 


booFwark 


buoyant 


boi'ant 


burlesque 


bur lesk' 


Cairo {in Egypt) 


ki'ro 


Cairo {in U.S.) 


ka^ro 


calliope 


ka li'o pe 


caloric 


kd lor'ik 


canine 


kd nin'^ ka'nin 


cantatrice 


kan ta tre'cha 


Capitoline 


kap'i to lln, kd pit'o lin 


Capuchin 


kap'u chin 


carbine 


kar^bin 


Caribbean 


kar i be'dn 


cascara sagrada 


kas'kd ra sa gra'da 


Caucasian 


ko ka'shdn^ ko kash'dn 


Caucasus 


kS'kd siis 


cayenne 


ka en'^ ki en' 


cement {verh) 


se ment' 


cement {noun) 


se ment', sem'^nt 


cerebral 


ser'e brdl 


cerement 


ser'm(5nt 


chastisement 


chas'tiz m^nt 


Cherubim* 


ka roo be'ne 


chestnut 


chestnut 


Chicago 


shi ko'go 



72 



ENUNCIATION AND AETICULATION 



Chichester 

chimpanzee 

chirography 

chiropodist 

chloride 

chlorine 

choleric 

cinchona 

Cincinnati 

cleanly {adj,) 

cleanly {adv,) 

coadjutor 

cocaine 

Colorado 

Colosseum 

combat [noun or verb) 

combatant 

combating 

combative 

comparable 

comrade 

concentrate 

condolence 

confiscate 

conjure (adjure) 

conjure (charm) 

conquest 

construe 

consummate 



chich'es ter 
chim pan'ze 
ki rog'ra fi 
ki rop'o dist 
klo'ridj klo'rid 
klo'rm 
koPer ik 
sin ko^na 
sm si nat'i 
klenQi 
klenai 
ko a joo'ter 
ko'ka in 
kol 6 ra'do 
kol se't^m 
kom'bat 
kom'bat ant 
kom'bat ing 
kom'ba tiv 
kom^pa m b'l 
kom'radj -rad 
kon's(?n trat 
kon do'Mns 
kon'fis kat 
k5n joor' 
kun'jer 
korj'kwest 
kon'stroo 
k5n sum 'at 



ENUNGIATIOK AND ARTICULATION 



73 



contour {7101m) 


kon'toor 


contour (verb) 


kon toor' 


contumacy 


kon'tu ma si 


contumely 


kon'tu me li 


conversant 


kon'ver sant 


coquetry 


ko'k^ri 


coquette 


ko ket' 


cornet 


kSr'net 


coterie 


ko^e ri 


coupon 


koo'pon 


courier 


koo'ri er, koor'i er 


courteous 


kur'te usy kort'yzis 


covetous 


kuv'^ tiis 


creek 


krek 


Crimea 


kri me'a 


Crimean 


kri me 'an 


crochet 


kro sha' 


croquet 


kro ka' 


cupola 


ku'po la 


curagoa 


ku rd so' 


Cyclades 


sik'ld dez 


Cyclopean 


si klo pe'an 


Dado 


da'do, da'do 


damning 


damping 


decade 


dek'ad 


deficit 


def 1 sit 


Delhi {ill India) 


deV^ 


Delhi (m U. S.) 


del'hl 



74 



EKUNCIATION AND AETICULATION 



delicate 

demesne 

demise " 

demoniacal 

demonstrative 

depot 

designate 

despicable 

dessert 

desultory 

didactic 

diphtheria 

diphthong 

diplomacy 

disarm 

discourse [iioim or verb) 

dishonest 

disputable 

dissociate 

docile 

dolorous 

donative 

Don Quixote 

dramatis personae 
dromedary 



del'i kat 

de man', de men' 

de miz' 

de mo ni'a kdl 

de mon'stra tiv 

de'po 

des'ig nat 

des'pi kd b'l 

de zurt' 

des'^"d to ri 

di dak'tik 

dif the'ri a 

dif thong 

di plo'ma SI 

dis arm' 

dis kors' 

dis on' est 

dis'pu ta b'l 

di so'shi at 

dos'il 

dol'er its 

don'a tiv 
J don kwik'sot (Spanish 
\ don ke ho'ta) 

dram'a tis per so'ne 

driim'e da ri, drom'- 



educate 
Elgin 



ed'u kat 
el' gin 



ENUNCIATION AND ARTICULATION 



75 



Elizabethan 


e liz a be'than, e liz'a beth an 


Elysium 


e lizh'i uv^^ e liz'i um 


emendation 


e men da'shzln 


enervate 


en'er vat 


enfranchise 


en fran'chiz 


engine 


en'jm 


ennni 


ar) nwe^ 


envelope 


en'v(§ lop 


epizootic 


ep 1 zo ot'ik 


equable 


e'kwa b'l 


Erato 


er'a to 


European 


u ro pe'an 


Eurydice 


u rid'i se 


exemplar 


eg zem'plar 


exhaust 


eg zost' 


exhibit 


eg zib'it 


exile 


ek^sil 


exotic 


eg zot'ik 


exquisite 


eks'kwi zit 


extant 


eks'tant 


extol 


ekstol' 


facile 


fas^il 


falcon 


fS'k'n, fSrk'n 


falconer 


fo'k'ner, fol'k n er 


falconry 


fS'k'nri 


Faneuil 


fun^'l, fan^'l 


faucet 


fo^set 


February 


f eb'roo a ri 



76 



ENUNCIATION AND ARTICULATION 



fetid 


fet'id, fe'tid 


finale 


fe na'la 


finance 


f 1 nans' 


financier 


f m an ser' 


flaccid 


flak'sid 


floral 


flo'ral 


florist 


flo'rist 


forbade 


for bad' 


forge 


forj 


forger 


for'jer 


fountain 


foun'tm 


Frances 


fran'ses {not -sez) 


frontier 


fron'ter 


fugue 


fug 


gallant {noun) 


ga lant'^ gal'ant 


gallant (brave) 


gal 'ant 


gallant (polite) 


ga lant' 


gallows 


gal'oz^ gal'^^s 


gaol 


jal 


gaseous 


gas'e ^^s 


gaunt 


gant, g6nt 


Geikie 


ge'ki 


genealogy 


jen e al'o ji 


Genoa 


jen'o a 


geyser 


gi'ser 


ghoul 


gool 


giaour 


jour 


gibberish 


gib'er ish {not jib'-) 



ENUNCIATION AND ARTICULATION 



77 



glacial 


gla'shal 


gladiolus 


gla di'o \us 


glamour 


glam'er 


gneiss 


nis 


God 


god 


Goliath 


go li'ath 


gondola 


gon'do Id 


gormandize 


gor'man diz 


government 


guv'ern jnent 


granary 


gran'd ri 


gratis 


gra'tis 


grimace 


gri mas' 


grimy 


gri'mi 


groat 


grot 


guild 


gild 


gum arable 


gum ar'a bik 


gunwale 


gun'^1 


halcyon 


hal'si un 


half 


haf 


harass 


har'as (7iot ha ras') 


haunch 


hanch 


haunt 


hant 


hearth 


harth 


Hebe 


he'be 


hecatomb 


hek'd tom 


heinous 


hWmis 


Hemans 


hem'anz 


heraldic 


he ral'dik 



78 



ENUNCIATION AND ARTICULATION 



Herculean 


her ku'le an 


heroine 


her'6 in 


Himalaya 


hi ma' Id jd 


hirsute 


hur'sut 


homeopathist 


ho me op'd thist 


homeopathy 


ho me op'd thi 


horologe 


hor'o lo], -loj 


hospitable 


hos'pi ta b'l 


hovel 


hoVa 


hussar 


hoo zar' 


hydrangea 


hi dran'je a 


hydropathy 


hi drop'd thi 


hygiene 


hi'ji en 


hygienic 


hi ji en'ik 


hymeneal 


hi men e'dl 


hyperbole 


hi pur'bo le 


hypochondriac 


hip 6 kon'dri ak 


hypogastric 


hip 6 gas'trik 


idea 


i de'd (not Vde a) 


Idumaea 


id u me'd 


ignoramus 


ig no ra'mz^s 


illustrate 


i lus'tratj iVm trat 


imbroglio 


im brol'yo 


implacable 


im pla'kd b'l 


indecorous 


in de ko'ri^s 


indisputable 


in dis'pu td b'l 


industry 


in'dus tri 


inquiry 


in kwir'i 



ENUNCIATION AND ARTICULATION 



79 



instead 


in sted' 


interesting 


m'ter est ing 


interpolate ' 


in tur'po lat 


iodine 


1^6 din 


Iowa 


V6 wd 


Iphigenia 


if i je ni'a 


iron 


Viirn 


irremediable 


ir e me^di a b'l 


irreparable 


i rep'd id b'l 


irrevocable 


i rev'o ka b'l 


Islam 


is^khn 


isotherm 


Vso thurm 


jalap 


jaPap 


Japheth 


ja'feth 


jaundice 


jan'diSj jon'dis 


javelin 


jav'lln 


Jekyll 


je'kil 


jocund 


jok'imd 


Joseph 


jo'zef 


joust 


just 


jugular 


joo'gu Icir 


juvenile 


joo've nil 


lamentable 


lam'(?n td b'l 


landau 


lan'do 


Laocoon 


la ok'o on 


latent 


la't(?nt 


launch 


lanch 



80 



ENUNCIATION AND AETICULATION 



laundry 


lan'dri 


legate 


leg'at 


Leicester 


les'ter 


leisure 


le'zhur 


lenient 


le'ni (?nt 


Lethe 


le'the 


lettuce 


let'is 


lever 


leaver 


licorice 


lik'6 ris 


lien 


le'^n 


lineament 


lin'e a m(?nt 


literati 


lit e ra'ti 


livelong 


liv'long 


loath 


loth 


loathe 


loth 


luxuriance 


luks u'ri ans 


luxury 


luk'shoo ri 


lyceum 


li se'z'^m 


magazine 


mag a zen' 


magna charta 


mag'na kar'ta 


Mahomet 


ma hom'et 


maintain 


man tan' 


maintenance 


man'te nans 


mall 


mol {see Pall Mall) 


mandarin 


man' da rin 


maniacal 


md ni'd kal 


maritime 


mar'i tim 


marquis 


mar'kwis 



e:^^unciation and articulation 



81 



massacre 

Massasoit 

master 

matron 

mansoleum 

mediocre 

meerschaum 

melodrama 

meningitis 

mercantile 

mesmerism 

mesmerize 

micrometer 

microscopy 

Milan 

mischievous 

misconstrue 

mistletoe 

Mohican 

Monaco 

mongrel 

monogram 

monomania 

moribund 

Morpheus 

morphine 

mortgage 

moths 

mountain 



mas'a ker 
mas' a soit 
mas'ter 
ma'tr^m 
mo so IWum. 
me'di o ker 
mer'shom, -sht^m 
mel 6 dra'md 
men in ji'tis 
mur'kan til 
mez'mer iz'm 
mez'mer iz 
mi krom'e ter 
mi kros'ko pi 
mil'an, mi Ian' 
mis'chi yiis 
mis kon'stroo 
mis''l to 
mo he'kan 
mon'd ko 
muij'grel 
mon'o gram 
mon 6 ma'ni a 
mor'i bund 
mor'fus 
mor'fm, -fen 
mSr'gaj 
mothz 
moun'tin 



82 



ENUNCIATION AND ARTICULATION 



museum 
mythology 

naiad 

naive 

nape 

nascent 

nation 

national 

nausea 

nauseous 

Nausicaa 

nectarine 

nicety 

nicotine 

nomad 

nonpareil 

notable (remarkable) 

notable (thrifty) 



mi thol'o ji 

na'yad [pL na'yd dez) 

na ev' 

nap 

nas'(?nt 

na'shtm- 

nash'zm d\ 

no'she a 

n6'sh^fs 

n8 sik'a a 

nek'tdr m 

ni'se ti 

nik'o tin, -ten 

nom'ad, no'mad 

non pd rel' 

no'td b'l 

not'd b'l 



oaths 

obligatory 

occult 

Oceanus 

oleomargarine 

onyx 

opponent 

orchestra 

orchestral 



othz 

ob'li gd to ri 

6 kult' 

6 se'd n^^s 

o le 6 mar'gd ren {not -jd-) 

on'iks 

po'n(?nt 

or'kes trd 

or kes'trdl 



ENUNCIATION AND ARTICULATION 



83 



ordeal 


or'deal 


Orion 


6 ri'on 


ornate 


or'nat, or'nat 


orotund 


o'ro tund 


orthoepist 


or'tho e pist 


orthoepy 


or'tho e pi 


osier 


o'zher 


oxide 


ok'sid 


pageant 


pai'(?nt 


Palestine 


pal'es tin 


Pall Mall 


pel mel 


pantomime 


pan'to mim 


paprika 


pa' pre ka 


papyrus 


pd pi'r^7s 


paraffin 


par' a f m 


Parliament 


par'li m^nt 


patriot 


pa'tri ot 


patriotic 


pa tri ot'ik 


patron 


pa'trun 


patronage 


pat'ri^n aj 


pedagogue 


ped'd gog 


pedagogy 


ped'd go ji, -goj i 


pedal {noun) 


ped'al 


pedal {adj,) 


'ped'dl; in anatomy and 
^ zoology pe'dal 


Pegasus 


peg'd ms 


peony 


pe'o ni 


peremptory 


per'emp to ri 



84 



ENUNCIATION AND ARTICULATION 



perfect (verb) 


pur'fekt 


peritonitis 


per i to ni'tis 


Persia 


pur'shd 


phaeton 


fa'e ion 


Pharaoh 


fa'ro 


Philemon 


f 1 le'mon 


Phihstine 


fi lis'tin 


phonics 


fon'iks 


phosphorus 


f os'f or m ■ 


photographer 


f 6 tog'rd f er 


phthisic 


tiz'ik 


phthisis 


thi'sis 


pincers 


pm'serz 


piquant 


pe'kant 


pistachio 


pis ta'shi 


placable 


pla'kd b'l 


placard {noun) 


plak'ard 


placard {verh) 


pM kard' 


plagiarism 


pla'ji a riz'm 


plait 


plat, plet 


plebeian 


pie be'yan 


podophyllin 


pod 6 mm 


poignant 


poin'ant 


pomade 


po mad' 


poniard 


pon'ydrd 


porcelain 


por'se Ian 


porpoise 


p6r'p^is 


portrait 


por'trat 


portray 


por tra' 



ENUNCIATION AND AETICULATION 



85 



posthumous 


pos'tu m^(s 


potable 


po'ta b'l 


Powhatan 


pou hd tan' 


precedence 


pre sed'^ns 


precedency 


pre sed'(?n si 


precedent {noun) 


pres'e d^nt 


precedent {adj,) 


pre sed'ent 


precise 


pre sis' 


predatory 


pred'a to ri 


predecessor 


pred e ses'er 


predilection 


pre di lek'sht^n 


preferment 


pre f ur'm(?nt 


prelate 


prel'at 


prescience 


pre'shi ^ns 


presentiment 


pre sen'ti Tn.eiii{not -zen') 


pretense 


pre tens' 


pretty 


prit'i 


probity 


prob'i ti 


process 


pros' es 


produce {verb) 


pro dtis' 


produce {noun) 


prod'us 


profile 


pro'fil^ -fel 


profuse 


pro ftis' {not -fuz') 


prolix 


pro'liks 


pronunciation 


pro niin si a'shtm 


protean 


pro'te an 


provocative 


pro vok'a tiv 


puissance 


pu'i sans 


pumpkin 


pump' kin 



86 



ENUNCIATION AND AKTICULATION 



purloin 


pur loin' 


pyramidal 


pi ram'i dal 


pyrites 


pi ri'tez 


quinine 


kwi'nin, kwi nen' 


Quirites 


kwi ri'tez 


qui vive 


ke vev' 


quixotic 


kwik sot'ik (see Don Qui 


quoit 


kwoit 


radish 


rad'ish 


raillery 


ral'eri 


rapine 


rap'in 


recess 


re ses' 


recitative (m music) 


res 1 tct tev' 


recourse 


re kors' 


referable 


refer a b'l 


refutable 


re fut'a b'l 


remediable 


re me'di a b'l 


reparable 


rep'd rd b'l 


research 


re surch' 


reservoir 


rez'er vwor, -vwar 


resoluble 


rez'6 lu b'l 


resource 


re sors' 


respirable 


re spir'a b'l 


respite 


res' pit 


retail {verb) 


re tal' 


revolt 


re volt' 


ribald 


rib'ald 



ENUNCIATION AND ARTICULATION 



87 



rise (noun) 


riz, ris 


risible 


riz'i b'l 


robust 


ro bust' 


romance 


ro mans' 


roof 


roof 


ruse 


rooz 


sacerdotal 


sas er do'tal 


sachet 


sa sha' 


sacrifice (noun) 


sak'ri fis, fiz 


sacrifice {verb) 


sak'ri fiz J -fis 


sacrilege 


sak'ri lej 


sacrilegious 


sak ri le'jus {not -li'-) 


sacristan 


sak'ris tan 


salient 


sa'li ^nt 


sardine 


sar den' 


sardonic 


sar don'ik 


sardonyx 


sar'do niks 


sarsaparilla 


sar sa pa ril'a 


seckle 


sek''l {7iot sik''l) 


sedative 


sed'a tiv 


senile 


se'nil 


seraglio 


se ral'yo 


Serapis 


se ra'pis 


serpentine 


sur'p(?n tin, -tm 


sesame 


ses'ame 


sevennight 


sen'it 


sheaths 


shethz 


shibboleth 


shib'o leth 



ENUNCIATION AND ARTICULATION 



simultaneous 


si Jnitl ta'ne us^ sim ul- 


sinecure 


sVne kur 


slake 


slak 


sleek 


slek 


sobriquet 


so bre ka' 


solace 


sol' as 


somnambulist 


som nam'bti list 


sonorous 


so no^Tus 


soporific 


so po rif 'ik 


sotto voce 


sot'to vo'cha 


sough 


siif, sou 


spermaceti 


spur ma se' ti 


squalor 


skwol'or, skwa'lor 


stomacher 


stum'z^k er 


strychnine 


strik'nin 


sublunary 


siib'lu na ri 


subtle 


suf'l 


suffice 


Bu fis' 


suite 


swet 


supple 


siip''! 


tartaric 


tar tar'ik 


taunt 


tant, tont 


telegraphy 


teleg'rdfi 


telepathy 


telep'athi 


tenet 


ten'et 


tepid 


tep'id 


Terpsichore 


turp sik'o re 



ENUNCIATION AND AETICULATION 



89 



Terpsichorean 

thistle 

tiny 

Tirol 

tonsillitis 

topographic 

topography 

three-legged 

tortoise 

tragacanth 

transact 

transition 

transmigrate 

transmigration 

traverse 

tremendous 

trestle 

tribunal 

tribune 

troche 

trophy 

truculent 

truffle 

truths 

turbine 



turp SI ko re'an 

this^'l 

ti'ni 

tir'ol (German te roP) 

ton SI li'tis 

top 6 graf 'ik 

to pog'ra fi 

thre^leg ed, -legd 

tor'ti/s 

trag'a kanth 

trans akt' 

tran slzh'^^n 

trans 'mi grat 

trans mi gra'sh^^n 

trav'ers 

tre men'd^7s 

tres^'l 

tri bu'nal 

trib'un 

tro'ke 

tro'fi 

triik'u Mnt 

truf'l 

troothz 

tur'bin 



umbrella 
underneath 



um brel'd 
un der- neth' 



90 



ENUNCIATION AND ARTICULATION 



vagary 


va gaTi 


verdigris 


vur'di gres 


viscount 


vi'kount 


visor 


viz'er 


vocable 


vo'kd b'l 


volatile 


vol'a til 


Wednesday 


wenz' da 


with 


with {not with) 


women 


wim'en 


zodiacal 


zo di'd kdl 


zoological 


zo 6 loj'i kdl {not zoo-) 


zoology 


z6 ol'o ji {not zoo-) 



iinllinii 



(inn 
mm 



fj llffllf |liiPi|l H^^ 

lilillililllllillllillliO 027 2 






iilliiiljliliiliililjjliilliiili 




fiilfiifillillWf! 



iiPimiiiHiBJIfiirlfr- 



mm 



mm 







iiiillf 







